Objective This study aimed to investigate the overall infection pattern of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) in women of childbearing age who visited Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, and to evaluate whether there are annual and seasonal variations in B19V infection. Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the B19V infection trend was analyzed. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the anti-B19V IgM and IgG antibodies in serum samples of 11 480 women who underwent pre-pregnancy examinations at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from September 2016 to August 2024. Results The positive rate of B19V IgM antibody was 0.62%, and there was a significant seasonal variation in B19V infection trend, with the highest positive rate in autumn. Conclusion The positive rate of B19V IgG antibody is 9.7%. The COVID-19 pandemic showed no significant impact on the infection of B19V.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and correlation of specific serum immunoglobulin E (sIgE) of allergen weed mixture item (wx5), ragweed (w1) and mugwort (w6). Methods A total of 10 170 patients who were admitted to Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January, 2023 to December, 2024 were enrolled for the study. sIgE of allergen wx5, w1 and w6 were simultaneously detected by Immuno CAP allergen detection system. The distribution characteristics of positive cells and the correlation between wx5 sIgE and w1, w6 sIgE were analyzed. Results The positive rates of allergen wx5, w1 and w6 sIgE were 33.3%, 30.3% and 35.1%, respectively. The positive rates of allergen wx5, w1 and w6 sIgE increased with age, with significant difference (χ²=387.1, 334.4, 412.0, P<0.001). Taking single allergen (w1 and w6) as the comparison system, the test power of wx5 was greater than 0.8, and wx5 sIgE was highly correlated with w1 and w6 sIgE (r=0.888, 0.963,P<0.001). Conclusion Allergen wx5, w1 and w6 are differently distributed among different age groups. Allergen wx5 is highly correlated with w1 and w6. wx5 which shows a high diagnostic efficiency and can effectively screen weed pollen.

Objective To investigate clinical infection characteristics and drug resistance of group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae, GBS) in the eastern campus of a hospital from 2021 to 2023, aiming to provide data-driven support for the rational use of antibacterial drugs. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 210 culture-positive GBS strains isolated between January 2021 and December 2023. The strains were rapidly identified by the mass spectrometer, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK2 Compact automated system. The distribution of strains by clinical department, population source, sample type, and drug resistance rate were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 210 GBS strains were isolated from 2021 to 2023, mainly concentrated in Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Neonatology, accounting for 74.29%, 20.95%, and 4.76%, respectively. All cases in obstetrics occurred during the mid-to-late stages of pregnancy, with no infections detected in the early stages. The proportion of inpatients was 70.47%, while outpatients accounted for 29.05%, and emergency patients constituted only 0.48%. Specimen types primarily included reproductive tract secretions, placental maternal surfaces, placental fetal surfaces, and neonatal pharynx, representing 63.81% and 22.38%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that ampicillin, linezolid, tigecycline, vancomycin, and benzylpenicillin exhibited 100% sensitivity. Quinupristin/dalfopristin demonstrated a sensitivity rate exceeding 98.67%. The highest drug resistance rates were clindamycin (>77.63%), followed by tetracycline (>63.16%), moxifloxacin (>46.67%), and levofloxacin (>46.05%). Compared with previous studies conducted in this hospital, the drug resistance rates of clindamycin and levofloxacin increased, while the resistance rate of tetracycline decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion GBS infection mainly affect pregnant women in the middle and late stages of pregnancy and newborns, which can lead to adverse maternal and infant outcomes. It is crucial to further strengthen general screening of GBS in obstetrics and infection prevention-control in neonates. In clinical practice, the drug sensitivity test of GBS should be highly valued, and drugs and treatment plans should be selected precisely based on the test results. Furthermore, standardized empirical drug use and implementing individualized treatment strategies should be conducted to delay the progression of antibiotic resistance.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical value of BRAF V600E mutation testing combined with FNAC in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer, particularly PTC. Methods This prospective study included 2,052 thyroid nodule cases undergoing FNAC at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from April 2023 to January 2025. BRAF V600E mutation was detected using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method (7 cases failed, with 2 045 ultimately analyzed). The associations between mutation status and clinicopathological features (age, sex, location, TI-RADS grade, Bethesda classification) were assessed. Among studied patients, 573 cases underwent surgical resection (529 malignant, 44 benign/low-risk), and postoperative pathology served as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FNAC Bethesda classification, BRAF V600E testing alone, and their combined application. Results BRAF V600E mutation rate was significantly associated with age (P<0.001), sex (P<0.001), TI-RADS grade (P<0.001), and Bethesda classification (P<0.001). Among surgical cases, the sensitivity of Bethesda classification alone gradually increased from category I to VI, though specificity varied. The sensitivity and specificity of standalone BRAF V600E testing were 90% and 100%, respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) reaching 100% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 45.3%. Logistic regression demonstrated that the combined application of Bethesda diagnostic classification and BRAF gene mutation detection played a crucial role in the assessment of thyroid malignancies, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.988 (95%CI:0.980-0.995), and P<0.001. Conclusion BRAF V600E mutation testing exhibits an extremely high specificity (100%) and PPV (100%) for PTC. Its integration with FNAC can significantly enhance preoperative diagnostic accuracy, optimize risk stratification of thyroid nodules, and reduce unnecessary surgical interventions.

Objective To identify and validate clinical cut-off values for serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and sex hormones in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian dysfunction (DOR), and premature ovarian failure (POF). Methods 40 PCOS patients, 40 DOR patients, 40 POF patients, and 40 age-matched healthy women were selected as PCOS group, DOR group, POF group, and control group, respectively. We detected and analyzed the levels of serum AMH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E₂), and testosterone (T) within all four test groups, and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of AMH, FSH, LH, E₂, and T in diagnosing PCOS, DOR, and POF through ROC curves. Results ①Serum levels of AMH, FSH, LH, E₂, and T were significantly different among PCOS group, DOR group, POF group, and control group when compared pairwise (P<0.05). ②The cut-off values of AMH, FSH, LH, E₂, and T in PCOS group were 5.41ng/mL, 6.07mIU/mL, 6.89mIU/mL, 38.00pg/mL, and 0.55ng/mL, respectively. The cut-off values in DOR group were 1.31ng/mL, 9.64 mIU/mL, 6.59mIU/mL, 27.33pg/mL, and 0.46ng/mL, respectively. The cut-off values in POF group were 0.79ng/mL, 24.43mIU/mL, 12.76mIU/mL, 19.20pg/mL, and 0.46ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion There are significant differences in levels of AMH and sex hormones in serum samples of patients with PCOS, DOR, and POF among different groups. Determining the best cut-off values of hormone levels in different clinical manifestations is of great significance for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diseases.

Objective The primary Objective of this study is to explore the potential correlations between age, gender, adverse lifestyle habits, medical history, medication use history, and the human CYP2C19 genotype with the risk of stroke occurrence. The key aim is to identify high-risk populations and to provide a scientific basis for developing targeted personalized prevention strategies, thereby reducing the incidence of stroke. Methods A retrospective research method was employed by selecting stroke patients diagnosed in our hospital as the study subjects. Systematic data collection included demographic characteristics (such as age and gender), medical history (e.g., hypertension), medication records, imaging data, and CYP2C19 genotype data. Multivariate logistic regression models and other statistical methods such as interaction analysis were used to thoroughly examine the relationship between clinical variables and stroke incidence. Additionally, domestic and international research literature on stroke was reviewed. Results The study included data from 128 patients, with statistical findings as follows: ①The youngest stroke patient was 37 years old, and for each additional year of age, the risk of stroke increased significantly; ②Regarding gender, males had a higher risk compared to females; ③Patients with a medical history showed an increased risk of stroke; ④In the CYP2C19 gene related to drug metabolism, compared to the fast genotype, intermediate-fast genotype patients had a 23% higher stroke risk, while slow genotype patients had a 42% higher risk; ⑤Medical history factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were associated with imaging findings. Significant interactions were observed among gender, age, adverse lifestyle habits, medical history, medication history, and CYP2C19 genotype in stroke occurrence. Conclusion Advanced age, male gender, smoking, medical history, and the CYP2C19 slow genotype are independent risk factors for stroke. Integrating clinical variables with genotyping information can optimize risk stratification and promote the early precision intervention, providing evidence-based support for clinical preventive medication strategies (e.g., antiplatelet drug selection). A review of the latest domestic and international research literature suggests that public health and environmental temperature are related to stroke incidence, offering novel directions for stroke prevention and treatment.

Objective To observe and analyze the dynamic pattern of thyroid hormone levels in patients with lupus anticoagulant positive acute cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 257 patients with cerebral infarction hospitalized in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January, 2016 to October, 2021 were retrospectively included in the study. Based on the detection results of lupus anticoagulant (LA) in the patients with cerebral infarction, these patients were divided into LA positive cerebral infarction group (154 cases) and LA negative cerebral infarction group (103 cases). Thyroid hormone levels, including TT₃, TT₄, FT₃, FT₄ and TSH, as well as thyroid-related antibody levels, including Tg, TG-Ab and TPO-Ab, were compared between the two groups. Baseline patient characteristics, such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), were included for a comparative analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using two independent sample t test, rank sum test or χ² test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. LA was tested by silica clotting time (SCT) and modified diluted russell viper venom time (dRVVT), respectively. LA positive cerebral infarction group was divided into 3 subgroups according to positive detection result, namely dRVVT single positive group (98 cases), SCT single positive group (39 cases) and double positive group (17 cases). Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied for comparison among multiple groups. Results ①TT₃, FT₃ and TSH levels in LA positive group of cerebral infarction patients were 1.25(1.03,1.45)nmol/L, 4.57(4.13,5.07)pmol/L and 1.54(0.84,2.27)μIU/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than 1.31(1.18,1.50)nmol/L, 4.85(4.37,5.25)pmol/L and 1.75(1.22,3.00)μIU/mL in LA negative group. FT₄ and TPO-Ab levels were 11.85(10.69,14.00)pmol/L and 0.78(0.36,1.73)IU/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of 11.49(10.17,12.91)pmol/L and 0.335(0.25,1.135)IU/mL in LA negative group, (P<0.05). ②Comparison of thyroid hormone levels in different subgroups of patients with LA positive cerebral infarction showed results as follows: there were statistically significant differences between TT₃ and TT₄ groups (P values: 0.024 and 0.047, respectively); TT₃ level in SCT group was significantly higher than that in dRVVT group as 1.35(1.18,1.58)nmol/L vs 1.19(0.98.1.41)nmol/L, respectively (P<0.017). Conclusion TT₃, FT₃ and TSH levels are lower in patients with LA positive cerebral infarction than in patients with LA negative cerebral infarction, while FT₄ and TPO-Ab levels are higher. Monitoring to the dynamic pattern of thyroid hormone and related antibody levels in patients with LA positive cerebral infarction is of great significance for individualized diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To analyze the risk factors and to evaluate their predictive value for complications in neonates with neonatal sepsis (NS). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted among 90 neonates with NS who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2016 to November 2019. These subjects were divided into a non-complication group and a complication group according to the presence or absence of complications. The clinical characteristics, laboratory indicators and high-risk factors of the two groups were compared. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for complications in NS and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy. Changes of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)levels at admission and discharge were compared in neonates with NS. Results Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min in the complication group were significantly lower than those in the non-complication group (P<0.05), and the LDH level was higher than that in the non-complication group (P<0.05). The proportions of mothers who used antibiotics before delivery and neonates who received respiratory support in the complication group were significantly higher than those in the non-complication group (P<0.05). The elevated LDH level and respiratory support were independent risk factors for NS complications (P<0.05), and the area under the curve (AUC) by the combinations of the two markers was 0.718 (95%CI:0.613-0.823), with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 57.4%. Eighty-three neonates with NS were cured and the LDH level at discharge was significantly lower than that at admission (P<0.05), and the LDH level of one neonate with no cure was increased. Conclusion LDH shows certain clinical value in predicting the occurrence of NS complications and evaluating the prognosis of NS, which is worthy of attention in clinical practice.

Objective The clinical characteristics of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) were investigated in order to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods 290 HSP patients who were hospitalized for the first time in the Department of Nephrology and Immunology of our hospital from January, 2023 to December, 2023 were collected as the research objects. The general data (including age, gender, season, type of purpura, etc.) and laboratory test results (including Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, antinuclear antibodies, immunoglobulins, etc.) were analyzed to explore the clinical characteristics of HSP in children. Results The incidence of HSP was higher in autumn and winter, and MP infection with abdominal HSP was significantly higher than other types (P<0.05). HSP was more common in children aged 6-10, while the incidence in children under 3 years old was lower (P<0.05), and the type of purpura was age-related (χ²=13.76, P=0.03). The risk of purpura nephritis (HSPN) in children with HSP over 6 years old was significantly increased (P=0.01). The positive rate of anti-nuclear antibody in children with HSP was 51.1%, and the positive rate of anti-nuclear antibodies for skin-type and abdominal HSP was significantly lower than that of other types, while that for the mixed-type HSP was significantly higher (P<0.01). The IgG level of abdominal and renal HSP patients was significantly lower than that of skin-type and articular-type, and the level of complement C4 was significantly lower in patients with renal HSP (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of the expression levels of IgA, IgM, IgE, and C3 in each type (P>0.05). The levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in patients with first-onset gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly lower than those in patients with first-onset rash (P＜0.05). Conclusion The incidence of HSP in children is related to the change of season, age, MP infection status and other factors. Children over 6 years old should be alerted for the occurrence of purpura nephritis. There are certain differences in the level of immunoglobulin, complement and ANA positive rates in patients with different types of HSP, which could play an important role in the pathogenesis of HSP.

Objective We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with severe preeclampsia, and to further explore the clinical usage potential of developing a combined biomarker model. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 96 SPE patients hospitalized between January, 2021 and December, 2023. These patients were stratified into a non-adverse outcome group (81 cases) and an adverse outcome group (15 cases). Serum LDH activity was measured using a Roche E170 electrochemical luminescence immunoassay analyzer, while MMP-9 concentration was determined via R&D Systems MMP-9 ELISA Kit (Catalog No. DYK034). ROC curve analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of these markers, and a binary logistic regression model was developed to compare individual and combined biomarker predication performance. Results The comparative analysis of serum levels of markers showed as follows: Non-adverse outcome group exhibited significantly higher median MMP-9 levels [349.56(252.24,410.16)ng/mL] compared to the adverse outcome group [227.23(201.38,255.69)ng/mL], P=0.001. Conversely, LDH levels were significantly lower in the non-adverse group [304.60(257.40,365.40)U/L] versus the adverse group [407.10(350.20,517.20)U/L], P<0.001). The evaluation of prediction for individual diagnostic marker showed as follows: AUC for MMP-9 was 0.79 with optimal threshold 243.40ng/mL, yielding sensitivity of 66.67% and specificity of 81.48%. For LDH, AUC reached 0.80 at threshold 349.40 U/L, demonstrating sensitivity of 80.00% and specificity of 74.07%. Combined model showed performance as follows: A binary logistic regression-based combined model demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.85 and threshold 0.138, achieving sensitivity of 93.33% and specificity of 74.07%. Its performance significantly outperformed individual biomarkers (P=0.017 and P=0.023). Conclusion Elevated MMP-9 levels and reduced LDH activity could serve as independent predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in SPE patients. The combined biomarker model further enhances diagnostic precision through synergistic effects, offering clinical utility for early intervention strategies.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess the diagnostic value of the TyG index in NAFLD. Methods A total of 326 hospitalized patients with T2DM were enrolled for the study. Biochemical parameters and abdominal ultrasonography were assessed. NAFLD was diagnosed via abdominal ultrasound. Patients were categorized into NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. Metabolic parameters, including glucose and lipid profiles, were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for NAFLD. The predictive performance of the TyG index, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides (TG) for NAFLD was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted by accounting for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Results The prevalence of NAFLD in hospitalized T2DM patients was 56%. Compared to the non-NAFLD group, patients with NAFLD showed significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and testosterone, while higher body weight, FPG, total cholesterol (TC), TG, TyG index, and uric acid (all P<0.05). Disease duration, HDL-C, and testosterone were identified as independent risk factors for NAFLD. ROC curve demonstrated that the TyG index had superior diagnostic accuracy for NAFLD (AUC=0.788) compared to TG (AUC=0.748) or FPG (AUC=0.697). Subgroup analysis revealed that the predictive performance of the TyG index was particularly robust in females, individuals with BMI ≥24kg/m², and those aged <60 years. Conclusion NAFLD is highly prevalent in hospitalized T2DM patients. The TyG index could serve as a valuable and reliable predictor of NAFLD in this population, with enhanced predictive performance in specific subgroups.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between anxiety insomnia and levels of sex hormones and neurotransmitters in perimenopausal women. Methods A total of 152 perimenopausal women with anxiety insomnia who visited the Gynecology Department of Ankang People’s Hospital between March 2022 and March 2024 were selected as the case group. In addition, 50 age-matched perimenopausal women were selected as the control group.Levels of serum sex hormones[progesterone(P),estradiol(E₂), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)] and neurotransmitters [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE)] in the two groups were detected and compared. The relationship between levels and the occurrence of anxiety insomnia in perimenopausal women was analyzed. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the predictive value of sex hormone and neurotransmitter levels for anxiety induced insomnia in perimenopausal women. Results The proportion of employed women in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (63.16% vs 32.00%, P<0.05). Serum P, E₂, 5-HT and NE levels in the case group [(0.50±0.16)ng/mL, (50.41±4.90)pg/mL, (249.30±17.51)ng/L and (119.58±12.60)ng/L] were significantly lower than those in the control group. Serum FSH and LH levels [(14.39±3.10)mIU/mL and (15.31±2.45)mIU/mL] were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that employment status (OR=18.150), serum E₂ (OR=0.720), FSH (OR=1.740), LH (OR=3.346), and 5-HT (OR=0.889) were factors influencing anxiety insomnia in perimenopausal women (P<0.05). AUC of E₂, FSH, LH, and 5-HT combined prediction for anxiety induced insomnia in perimenopausal women was higher than that of each indicator alone (Z_E2 vs combination=3.338, Z_{FSH vs combination}=5.450, Z_{LH vs combination}=3.225, Z_{5-HT vs combination}=5.064, all P<0.05). Serum P and E₂ were positively correlated with 5-HT and NE (r=0.279, 0.270, 0.222, =0.295, P<0.01), while FSH and LH were negatively correlated with 5-HT and NE (r=-0.150, -0.273, -0.304, -0.317, P<0.05). Conclusion The occurrence of anxiety insomnia in perimenopausal women is associated to abnormal levels of sex hormones and neurotransmitters. The early detection of these indicators can help to prevent and treat anxiety insomnia in perimenopausal women.

Objective To explore the relationship between dynamic changes of platelet parameters, coagulation function and three anemia-related indices in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and the risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods Pregnant women with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy who were hospitalized in our hospital from January, 2022 to January, 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the fetal growth status, these subjects were divided into a FGR group (39 cases) and a non-FGR group (59 cases). In addition, 49 healthy pregnant women who underwent prenatal examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. The platelet parameters, coagulation function and three anemia-related indices of all three groups were compared, and multivariate regression analysis was applied for a systematic analysis. Results Levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and fibrinogen (FIB) in both FGR group and the group without FGR were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and levels in FGR group were significantly higher than those in the non-FGR group (P<0.05). The body mass index (BMI) of FGR group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P<0.05). Levels of ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ in both FGR group and the non-FGR group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and levels in FGR group were significantly lower than those in the non-FGR group (P<0.05). The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in both FGR group and the non-FGR group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05),and those in FGR group were significantly shorter than those in the non-FGR group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diastolic blood pressure, BMI, PLT, MPV, PT, APTT, FIB, ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ were independent risk factors for the occurrence of FGR in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (P<0.05). Conclusion Pregnant women with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy complicated with FGR show the characteristics of increased mean platelet volume, decreased platelet count, shortened prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, increased fibrinogen level, and decreased levels of ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B₁₂. The dynamic changes of these indices are correlated with the risk of FGR.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-IRI) and Clara cell secreted protein 16 (CC16) in the differential diagnosis of severe pneumonia in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the case data of 87 children with pneumonia treated in the hospital from January 2023 to February 2024. According to disease severity, these subjects were divided into a mild group (n=49) and a severe group (n=38). According to the prognosis of the children in the severe group, they were divided into the subgroup with good prognosis (n=30) and the subgroup with poor prognosis (n=8). Serum levels of suPAR, IL-1R1 and CC16 in the mild and severe disease groups, as well as in the good prognosis subgroup and the poor prognosis subgroup, were compared. The correlation between serum suPAR, IL-1R1 and CC16 levels and the severity of the disease was evaluated, and the differential diagnostic efficacy and prognosis of children with severe pneumonia were analyzed. Results The Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS) score in the severe group was significantly lower than that in the mild group (P<0.05). Serum suPAR and IL-1R1 levels in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group, and the levels of CC16 in the severe group were significantly lower than those in the mild group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum suPAR and IL-1R1 levels were negatively correlated with PCIS score in children with pneumonia, while serum CC16 levels were positively correlated with PCIS scores in children with pneumonia (P<0.05). ROC curve showed that differential diagnosis efficiency of serum suPAR was the highest for severe pneumonia, and its area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, 95%CI and cut-off value were 0.910, 78.95%, 97.96%, 0.829-0.961 and 2.04 ng/mL, respectively (P<0.05). Serum suPAR and IL-1R1 levels in the good prognostic subgroup were significantly lower than those in the poor prognostic subgroup, and CC16 levels were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that suPAR and IL-1R1 were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with severe pneumonia, while CC16 was a protective factor affecting the prognosis of children with severe pneumonia (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum levels of suPAR and IL-1R1 in severe children increase with the aggravation of the disease, which are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with severe pneumonia. Serum CC16 level decreases with aggravation of the disease, which is a protective factor affecting the prognosis of children with severe pneumonia, and all three markers show good application value in the identification and prognosis evaluation of severe pneumonia in children.

Objective To investigate prehospital delays in neonatal care, and to further develop and validate its predictive model. Methods The primary caregivers of 329 children seen in the Neonatal Unit of our hospital from January, 2022 to April, 2024 were selected for the survey. These children were randomly divided into the model group with 230 cases and the validation group with 99 cases, with a 7∶3 ratio using the “sample” package in the R language software. Potential predictors that could affect the delay in prehospital care of newborns were collected, and the children in the model group were further divided into the delayed care group and the non-delayed care group according to whether there was a prehospital delay in care. We compared the general conditions of the newborns in the 2 groups with the basic conditions of the families of the newborns. The multifactorial logistic regression was performed after filtering the potential predictors by LASSO regression, and the model was visualized with a Nomogram. Results A total of 116 (50.43%) of 230 neonates in the model group had delayed medical attendance. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis on the basis of LASSO regression showed that neonatal day age, place of residence, parents medical knowledge background, obstetric check-ups, number of deliveries, and taking measures on their own prior to the visit to the hospital were the correlated factors of delays in prehospital care for neonates (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve in the model group was 0.721, with a 95% CI of 0.657-0.786, while the area under the ROC curve in the validation group was 0.708, with a 95% CI of 0.642-0.773. The model curve was basically fitted to the ideal model curve as a diagonal. The results of clinical validity analysis showed the highest net benefit of using the studyd’s model to predict prehospital delayed neonatal care when the predictive probability threshold was 0.25 to 0.90. Conclusion Based on our results,Prehospital delay in neonatal care can be as high as 50.43%, which is mainly influenced by neonatal age, place of residence, and parents’ medical background knowledge, and the column chart model developed in this study can be used to predict prehospital delay in neonatal care.

Objective To explore and analysis the relationship between serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-1β levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods A total of 110 patients with GDM treated in our hospital from September 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects. These patients were divided into groups with adverse pregnancy outcomes or normal pregnancy outcomes based on the maternal pregnancy outcomes. Clinical data were collected from all subjects, and serum IL-17 and IL-1β levels were detected and analyzed for potential correlations. Results All pregnant women were followed up until the end of pregnancy, with 20 cases of adverse pregnancy outcomes, accounting for 18.18%, including 9 cases of macrosomia, 5 cases of puerperal infection, 3 cases of fetal distress, 1 case of premature birth, 1 case of premature rupture of membranes, and 1 case of postpartum hemorrhage. There was no significant difference in maternal age, smoking, drinking and parity compared between the adverse pregnancy outcome group and the normal pregnancy outcome group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin between the adverse pregnancy outcome group and the normal pregnancy outcome group (P>0.05). The serum levels of IL-17 and IL-1β in the adverse pregnancy outcome group were significantly higher than those in the normal pregnancy outcome group (P<0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between serum IL-17 and IL-1β levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum IL-17 and IL-1β levels were the main risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum IL-17 and IL-1 β in patients with gestational diabetes accompanied by adverse pregnancy outcome show high expressions, and there are correlations between serum IL-17 and IL-1β levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for severe respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) pneumonia in infants. Methods In this retrospectively study, 361 mild cases, 97 severe cases, and 95 healthy controls of RSV pneumonia in infants admitted to the Pediatric Department of Tai’an Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January, 2018 to September, 2023 were selected. All participants’ blood routine and ALB levels were measured, and ratios of RAR, PLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were calculated. Logistic regression method and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the predictive value of RAR and PLR for severe RSV pneumonia infection. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of RAR and PLR in the mild group were significantly increased, while the LMR was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group and the mild group, the RAR, NLR, PLR, and SII in the severe group were significantly increased, while the LMR was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high levels of RAR and PLR were independently associated with the occurrence of RSV pneumonia. Age less than 6 months and high RAR were also served as independent risk factors for the severity of RSV pneumonia, facilitating to distinguish between mild and severe cases. ROC curve revealed that the AUC of combined detection of RAR and PLR for diagnosing severe infections was better than that of single-marker detection. The sensitivity and AUC of combined detection of RAR and PLR for differential diagnosis of mild and severe infections were superior to single-marker detection. Conclusion High levels of RAR and PLR are independently associated with the occurrence of RSV pneumonia in infants. RAR level can also be used to distinguish between mild and severe cases. Furthermore, the combined prediction model of RAR and PLR shows an important clinical value in the differential diagnosis of mild and severe infections.

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of adenovirus infection in children in Yangzhou area and the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum amyloid A (SAA) in children with adenovirus pneumonia. Methods PCR fluorescence probe method was applied to detect six respiratory pathogen nucleic acids in throat swabs of 6 858 pediatric inpatients with lower respiratory tract infections. We utilized chemiluminescence method to detect levels of SAA, hs-CRP, PCT and WBC. We simultaneously detected levels of SAA, hs- CRP, PCT and WBC in 40 patients with adenovirus pneumonia upon admission and on the fifth day of treatment. Results The positive rate of adenovirus infection in nucleic acid testing of 6 858 patients with lower respiratory tract infections was 11.0% (754/6 858), with 56.9% (429/754) in boys and 43.1% (325/754) in girls. There was a significant difference between genders (P<0.05); Adenovirus infection patients were mainly children under 5 years old, accounting for 57.0% (430/754), while children over 11 years old accounting for 3.3% (25/754). There was a statistically significant difference among age groups (P<0.05); The double infection rate of adenovirus combined with other pathogens was 46.8% (353/754), slightly higher than that of single adenovirus infection with 45.6% (344/754). The number of triple infections was significantly lower than other groups, and there was a statistically significant difference among the three groups (P<0.05); Children with adenovirus infection often exhibited high fever, with 52.1% (393/754) of patients having a body temperature ≥39.1℃. There was a statistically significant difference in body temperature among the three groups (P<0.05); The non-normal distribution of SAA, hs-CRP, PCT and WBC dataset was compared between 100 children with adenovirus pneumonia and 100 healthy children undergoing physical examination, and the rank sum test showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05); ROC curve showed that the AUC of SAA, PCT, hs-CRP and WBC in adenovirus pneumonia were 0.9466, 0.9056, 0.8537 and 0.6447, respectively. The SAA curve had the largest area under the curve and the highest diagnostic value in adenovirus pneumonia; The comparison of SAA, hs-CRP, PCT and WBC levels in children with adenovirus pneumonia at admission and on the fifth day of treatment showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion Adenovirus is an important pathogen causing respiratory infections in children in Yangzhou city, and serum amyloid protein A levels are of great significance in the diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of adenovirus pneumonia in children.

Objective To investigate interactions between serum apolipoprotein B(ApoB)/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and thyroid function in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods 204 PCOS patients (PCOS group) and 204 gynecological health examination people (control group) admitted to our hospital from June, 2021 to May, 2024 were selected for the study. Baseline data and serum ApoB/ApoA1 were collected and compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the effects of serum ApoB/ApoA1 and thyroid function on PCOS. The interaction coefficient γ and odds ratio (OR) were obtained to analyze the existence and types of interaction between elevated serum ApoB/ApoA1 and hypothyroidism on PCOS. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the clinical value of elevated serum ApoB/ApoA1, hypothyroidism, and joint evaluation of PCOS. Results The proportion of patients with normal thyroid function in the PCOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the proportion of patients with hypothyroidism was significantly higher (P<0.05). The serum ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in the PCOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that both an elevated ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and hypothyroidism were significantly associated with PCOS (P<0.05). Interaction analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for PCOS caused by an elevated serum ApoB/ApoA1 ratio alone was 1.152, and OR for PCOS caused by hypothyroidism alone was 3 403. OR for PCOS caused by the coexistence of an elevated serum ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and hypothyroidism, namely the interaction OR, was 4.904, which was greater than the product of the OR values for the two individual factors. The interaction effect of serum elevated serum ApoB/ApoA1 and hypothyroidism on PCOS satisfied the over-multiplication model, with an interaction coefficient γ=1.298. The elevated serum ApoB/ApoA1 ratio showed a positive interaction effect on hypothyroidism (P<0.05). The areas under the AUC for evaluating PCOS using ApoB/ApoA1, hypothyroidism, and ApoB/ApoA1+hypothyroidism were 0.810, 0.613, and 0.919, respectively. AUC for elevated serum ApoB/ApoA1+hypothyroidism was greater than that for ApoB/ApoA1 and hypothyroidism (P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of elevated serum ApoB/ApoA1+ hypothyroidism for PCOS were 80.39% and 90.20%, respectively. Conclusion Elevated serum ApoB/ApoA1 and hypothyroidism are associated with PCOS, and an increase in serum ApoB/ApoA1 has a positive interaction effect on hypothyroidism. Combining these two markers can significantly improve the predictive performance for PCOS, providing important Objective reference information for clinical prevention and treatment of PCOS.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the correlation between thyroid hormone sensitivity and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have normal thyroid function. Methods In this cohort study, 267 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of Anhui No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital from January, 2023 to August, 2024 were divided into a T2DM+VD non-deficient group (n=80) and a T2DM+VD deficient group (n=187) according to 25(OH)D levels,while 30 healthy subjects were selected as the healthy control group (NC group). The biochemical indexes and thyroid function of each group were measured, and the related parameters of thyroid hormone sensitivity were calculated, including: thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), TSH index (TSHI) and thyroid feedback quantile index, TFQI), parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index (PTFQI), and FT₃/FT₄. Results FBG, TyG index, TT4RI, TSHI, PTFQI and TFQI in T2DM+VD deficient group were significantly higher than those in T2DM+VD non-deficient group (P<0.05), while FT₃/FT₄ in T2DM+VD deficient group was significantly lower than those in T2DM+VD non-deficient group (P<0.05). Compared with the NC group, TT4RI, TSHI, TFQI and PTFQI of the T2DM+VD deficient group and the T2DM+VD non-deficient group were significantly increased with various degrees (P<0.05), while 25(OH)D and FT₃/FT₄ were significantly decreased with various degrees (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with FBG, HbA1c, TyG index and LDL (P<0.05), as well as TT4RI, TSHI, TFQI and PTFQI (P<0.05), while 25(OH)D was positively correlated with FT₃/FT₄ (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that high TT4RI[OR(95%CI)=1.786(1.062-3.121), P=0.024], high TSHI[OR(95%CI)=1.921(1.425-3.298), P=0.024), high TFQI [OR (95%CI)=1.962(1.448-3.116),P=0.016), high PTFQI[OR(95%CI)=1.854(1.165-3.019), P=0.023] and low FT₃/FT₄[OR(95%CI)=0.819(0.628-0.973), P=0.002] were associated with an increased risk of VD deficiency associated with T2DM. Conclusion In patients with euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity is significantly associated with reduced 25(OH)D levels, suggesting that vitamin D could play an important role in the regulation of thyroid hormone sensitivity.

Objective This study aims to analyze the independent risk factors affecting postoperative survival in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and to construct a nomogram for predicting tumor-specific survival after surgery. Additionally, we seek to establish a precise prognostic indicator system specifically for MTC, providing valuable assistance for personalized treatment in clinical practice. Methods We collected patient information diagnosed with MTC from the SEER database between 2004 and 2015. A total of 1,152 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. We applied univariate and multivariate Cox regression to identify risk factors affecting the prognosis of MTC patients and independent prognostic factors. Based on these independent prognostic factors, we then constructed a nomogram model and assessed the model’s discriminative ability using time-dependent ROC curves and area under the curve (AUC). Internal validation of the model was performed using the Bootstrap method (1000 Bootstrap samples) to evaluate the model’s calibration. As the final step, decision curve analysis (DCA) was employed to assess the clinical value of the model. Results We identified six independent prognostic factors-Age, T stage, M stage, LNR, Tumor size, and Primary extension (P<0.05) through univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Based on these factors, we constructed a nomogram model to predict the postoperative survival rates of MTC patients at 3, 5, and 10 years. The time-dependent ROC curves showed AUC values of 0.887, 0.899, and 0.881 for 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The calibration curve indicated that the model had good calibration, and DCA curve showed that the model provided better clinical benefit for the prediction of survival rates at 3 and 5 years. Conclusion Age, T stage, M stage, LNR, Tumor size, and Primary extension are independent prognostic factors for postoperative survival in MTC (Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma) patients. The postoperative survival nomogram model for MTC can more accurately predict individual patient survival and help clinicians make appropriate individualized clinical decisions.

Objective By analyzing the characteristics of peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the distribution of microorganisms on ulcer wound surface in patients with type 2 diabetes foot, to identify and evaluate the influence factors of wound healing and the predictive value of prognosis. Methods 100 patients with type 2 diabetic foot who were treated in the Endocrine Department of our hospital from December 2022 to December 2023 were selected for the study. After six months of standardized treatment, a return visit was recorded. According to the condition of wound healing, these subjects were divided into a healing group and a poor prognosis group. The distribution of microorganisms on the wound surface and the results of NLR and PLR in the peripheral blood of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of wound healing. ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the above indicators for the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcer. Results NLR and PLR indicators in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the healing group (P<0.05); Among the isolated strains, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogenic bacterium, followed by Escherichia coli from the sewer. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of microorganisms on ulcer wounds between the two groups of patients (P>0.05); Logistic regression showed that length of hospitalization (OR=1.059,95%CI:1.022-1.097, P=0.002), and NLR (OR=1.251,95%CI:1.037-1.509, P=0.019) were risk factors for poor prognosis of type 2 diabetic foot ulcer patients (P<0.05); When plotting and analyzing the ROC curve with a cutoff value of 4.201, the sensitivity and specificity of NLR in predicting the prognosis of DFU were 0.765 and 0.652, respectively (AUC=0.756, 95%CI:0.659-0.853, P<0.001). Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae are the common microorganisms that cause wound infection in patients with type 2 diabetic foot. NLR is a risk factor for poor prognosis of type 2 diabetic foot ulcer patients. When NLR in the peripheral blood of type 2 diabetic foot patients is more than 4.201, it shows predictive value for the prognosis of ulcer wounds and is of great significance for guiding clinical treatment.

Objective Employing Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, this study analyzes the potential causal associations between specific circulating cytokines and three major chronic complications of diabetes: nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Methods Utilizing datasets from multiple large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables. Multiple Mendelian randomization analyses were primarily conducted using the inverse variance weighted method, with robustness of results confirmed through Cochran’s Q statistics and MR-Egger sensitivity analysis. Results MR analysis revealed significant associations between seven cytokines and diabetic complications. Notably, alterations in certain cytokines showed a significant causal relationship with the risk of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations, indicating no significant heterogeneity or directional bias in the observed relationships. Conclusion Through Mendelian randomization based methods, this study confirms the potential causal relationships between specific cytokines and key chronic complications of diabetes. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying diabetic complications, but also identify valuable biomarkers for developing new preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Objective To investigate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This study enrolled 220 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were treated at the Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine between January 2022 and March 2024. Based on the presence or absence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), participants were categorized into two groups: T2DM without DPN (n=154) and T2DM with DPN (n=66). The basic clinical characteristics, blood routine test results and biochemical indicators of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify independent risk factors for DPN in T2DM patients, with ROC curve analysis evaluating the diagnostic performance of individual factors and their combined prediction model. Results The HbA1c, TG, FBG, neutrophil count, TyG index, and NLR in the T2DM combined with DPN group were significantly higher than those in the T2DM without DPN group (P＜0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis identified the TyG index and NLR as independent contributing factors for DPN development in T2DM patients (P＜0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that both the TyG index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) possessed significant predictive value for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) development, with their combined use demonstrating superior discriminative power compared to either biomarker alone. Conclusion The TyG index and NLR are related to whether T2DM patients have DPN. The TyG index and NLR show certain predictive value for diagnosing whether T2DM has DPN. When the physical equipment for screening DPN is limited, these markers can be considered as the clinical diagnostic basis for T2DM with DPN.

Objective This study aimed to establish the diagnostic threshold (cut-off value) for macroprolactin detection using polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assay with the iFlash-3000 chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) analyzer and its matched reagent kits (China YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd.) in our laboratory. Methods Of the 1 619 serum specimens analyzed for prolactin (PRL) level between August and September 2024, a total of 206 hyperprolactinemic specimens were selected for PEG precipitation confirmation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to determine optimal diagnostic thresholds based on the Youden index. Results The prevalence of macroprolactinemia in our study cohort was 12.73% (35/206). Post-PEG stratification revealed three distinct subgroups: monomeric PRL group (72.33%, 149/206) which was predominantly composed of biologically active monomeric PRL; mixed PRL group (10.68%,22/206) which was featured by coexistence of monomeric and macroprolactin isoforms; macroprolactinemia group (16.99%, 35/206) which presented dominance of high-molecular-weight macroprolactin. To discriminate non-monomeric PRL (mixed + macroprolactin groups) from monomeric PRL, the optimal threshold was identified as 1 086.95mIU/L (sensitivity: 77.1%, specificity: 64.9%) using the Youden’s Index from the ROC analysis. To distinguish macroprolactinemia from non-macroprolactinemic hyperprolactinemia, the threshold of 1 154.59mIU/L demonstrated a sensitivity of 68.4% and specificity of 70.5% using the Youden’s Index from the ROC analysis. Conclusion The iFlash-3000 CLIA system exhibits a significant concordance with PEG precipitation for macroprolactin detection. We should use clinical interpretation of hyperprolactinemia necessitates with the integration of laboratory-derived cut-off thresholds and patient-specific clinical context to avoid misdiagnosis of macroprolactinemia.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of BHT on the stability of fat-soluble vitamin samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The remaining plasma samples from clinical tests in Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from January to March, 2024 were collected and prepared as 4 plasma pools with different concentrations as the study objects. These samples were pre-treated and re-dissolved with 75% methanol, 75% methanol containing 1mg/mL BHT and 75% methanol containing 5mg/mL BHT, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to determine levels of vitamin A, vitamin D₃ and vitamin E. Compared to immediate values, a difference rate exceeding the total change limit (TCL) was considered as unacceptable. Results The average difference rates of VA of the re-dissolved samples with 75% methanol, 75% methanol with 1mg/mL BHT and 75% methanol with 5mg/mL BHT were -4.97%, 2.08% and 2.99%, respectively, after being stored at 4℃ in the automatic sampler for 24h. The average difference rates of 25(OH)D₃ were 2.61%, -0.47% and -3.33% and the average difference rates of α-VE were -1.21%, 3.49% and 6.85%, respectively. After the automatic samplers were stored at 25℃ for 24h, the average difference rates of VA were -1.76%, 1.60% and -3.87%, the average difference rates of 25(OH)D₃ were 3.95%, 5.43% and 5.37% and the average difference rates of α-VE were -0.47%, -2.58% and -0.57%, respectively. After storage at 2-8℃ for one week, the average difference rates of VA were 0.25%, -1.64% and -8.99%, the average difference rates of 25(OH)D₃ were 2.58%, 0.76% and 6.98% and the average difference rates of α-VE were 5.95%, -2.28% and -0.33%, respectively. After one week of storage at -20℃, the average difference rates of VA were 5.74%, 0.61% and -5.19%, the average difference rates of 25(OH)D3 were 7.54%, -0.22% and 6.28% and the average difference rates of α-VE were 4.20%, -1.87% and 0.38%, respectively. After one week of storage at -80℃, the average difference rates of VA were -7.78%, -8.19% and -8.77%, the average difference rates of 25(OH)D₃ were 1.24%, 1.95% and 4.67% and the average difference rates of α-VE were 3.96%, 4.97% and 3.03%, respectively. Conclusion After extraction steps, VA, 25(OH)D₃ and α-VE samples can remain as stable status for 24h in the automatic injector and one week in the refrigerator. Whether BHT is added to the resolution or not and the concentration of BHT have no effect on the stability of the samples after treatment.

Objective This study aims to explore the clinical application value of chemiluminescent microarray immunoassay (CLMIA) in detecting antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Methods A total of 264 SARD patients, 59 disease control patients, and 70 healthy control subjects were included in the study. ANA level in serum samples was detected using three different methods: indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), linear immunoassay (LIA), and CLMIA, followed by comparative analysis among these results. Results Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that CLMIA achieved a significantly larger area under the curve (AUC) than both LIA (0.87 vs. 0.84, P=0.004) and IIF at a cut-off titer of 1∶40 (0.87 vs 0.82, P=0.038). Compared with IIF (cut-off=1∶40), CLMIA and LIA exhibited superior specificity (CLMIA: 85.27%; LIA: 86.05% vs IIF: 65.89%), but with slightly reduced sensitivity (CLMIA: 81.82%; LIA: 74.62% vs IIF: 84.09%). Notably, IIF (cut-off=1∶40) showed the highest ANA positivity rate in SARDs patients (95.45%) relative to CLMIA (81.82%) and LIA (74.62%). Except for dsDNA, most specific ANAs exhibited good consistency between CLMIA and LIA results, with Kappa values ranging from 0.69 to 0.89. Further analysis revealed a high level of agreement between CLMIA and ELISA results in samples with differential dsDNA antibodies, where 80.00% of CLMIA-positive but LIA-negative samples, as well as 61.54% of CLMIA-negative but LIA-positive samples, were validated. Conclusion CLMIA system demonstrates an excellent diagnostic performance with full automation and high-throughput capacity, positioning it as a promising cornerstone for future autoimmune disease diagnostics. For cases with high clinical suspicion but negative multiplex ANA results, complementary IIF testing (cut-off 1∶40) is recommended to enhance detection sensitivity and prevent diagnostic oversight.

Objective To investigate effects of different concentrations of vitamin C on results of 47 biochemical items in serum samples, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, adenosine deaminase, and uric acid. Methods For the analysis, we prepared vitamin C solutions with concentrations of 0.0125g/mL, 0.025g/mL, 0.05g/mL, 0.1g/mL, and 0.2g/mL, respectively. We mixed different concentrations of vitamin C with 10 portions of serum at a ratio of 1∶19 thoroughly to serve as the experimental group. After mixing step, the concentrations of vitamin C in serum were 0.625mg/mL, 1.25mg/mL, 2.5mg/mL, 5mg/mL, and 10mg/mL, respectively. We then mixed deionized water and serum at a ratio of 1∶19 to serve as the control group. We detected samples on a wet chemical instrument to evaluate the interference degree of different concentrations of vitamin C on biochemical detection results. Results Vitamin C significantly affected 24 biochemical items, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, adenosine deaminase, uric acid, glycated albumin, lipoprotein, glycated serum albumin, magnesium, homocysteine, phospholipids, superoxide dismutase, β-hydroxybutyrate, monoamine oxidase, direct bilirubin, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, carbon dioxide, glutamyl transpeptidase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and pyruvate. Conclusion Most biochemical items based on the Trinder reaction principle can be interfered with by vitamin C, and the interference increases with higher concentrations of vitamin C. These results suggest that laboratory staff can reduce the interference by diluting serum samples.

Objective To validate and evaluate the performance of Siemens localized reagents for detecting thyroid hormones. Methods In accordance with the guidelines established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and relevant literatures, we conducted a performance verification and evaluation of the Siemens localized reagents on the Siemens Atellica IM1600 chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzer. Specifically,we evaluated the precision,linear range,lowest detection limit,and performed a system comparison for the measurement of serum thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (TT₃), thyroxine (TT₄),free triiodothyronine(FT₃), and free thyroxine (FT₄). Furthermore, we conducted a methodological comparison with the Roche Cobas e601 and Abbott Architect i2000 chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzer to evaluate the consistency and concordance of the results among the three detection systems. Results The within-run precision of the Siemens localized reagents for measuring high and low levels of TT₃, TT₄, FT₃, and FT₄, expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV), ranged from 1.4% to 3.25%, which was less than the 1/4 total error allowable (TEa) recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA’88). The total precision, with a CV ranging from 1.3% to 6.2%, was also less than the 1/3 TEa recommended by CLIA’88. These results indicated an excellent consistency with the precision of the imported reagents from Siemens, Abbott, and Roche. The analytical sensitivity and detection limits of the Siemens localized reagents for these four analytes were all lower than the manufacturer’s declared parameters. The linear regression equations for TT₃ and TT₄, with correlation coefficients (R²) of ≥0.9985 and slopes ranging from 1.0116 to 1.0194, indicated a good linearity and were consistent with the manufacturer’s claims. Comparisons between the localized and imported Siemens reagents for TT₃, TT₄, FT₃, and FT₄ showed a correlation coefficient R² of ≥0.992 and slopes ranging from 0.9872 to 1.0145, indicating a good correlation. Furthermore, comparisons of the results for TT₃, TT₄, FT₃, and FT₄ across Abbott, Roche, and Siemens testing systems revealed a good correlation between TT₄ and FT₃ across all three systems. For TT₃ and FT₄, a good correlation was observed between the Siemens and Roche systems. Conclusion The performance of the Siemens localized reagents for TT₃, TT₄, FT₃, and FT₄ are consistent with the manufacturer’s claims and can meet the requirements of CLIA’88 and ISO 15189 laboratory accreditation standards.

Objective To evaluate the consistency between the first-generation and second-generation reagents of the domestic YHLO iFlash 3000G fully automatic chemiluminescence analyzer with the Roche cobas 601 fully automatic chemiluminescence analyzer in measuring serum testosterone levels. Methods The first-generation and second-generation reagents of the YHLO iFlash 3000G fully automatic chemiluminescence analyzer and the Roche cobas 601 fully automatic chemiluminescence analyzer were used to measure the testosterone levels in 100 fresh serum samples, respectively. The correlation and consistency between results of these two instruments, as well as the differences between the first-generation and second-generation reagents of the YHLO iFlash 3000G, were compared and evaluated. Using Roche as the reference instrument, we statistically analyzed the positive and negative concordance rates of the first-generation and second-generation reagents of YHLO, respectively. Results The deviations of serum testosterone detected by the two instruments met the precision requirements and conformed to the experimental specifications. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean testosterone levels (P>0.05). Both instruments showed significant correlations in testosterone detection results, with no discrete points observed, and all deviations were within the allowable range of the judgment criteria. In addition, there was a good correlation between the first-generation and second-generation reagents for serum testosterone of YHLO. Using Roche as the reference instrument, the overall agreement rate of the first-generation reagent in male samples was 98.04%, while that of the second-generation reagent was 82.35%. For female samples, the overall agreement rate of the first-generation reagent was 53.06%, while the second-generation reagent achieved the rate of 63.27%. Conclusion The domestic YHLO iFlash 3000G fully automatic chemiluminescence analyzer and the Roche cobas 601 fully automatic chemiluminescence analyzer both exhibit high consistency in measuring serum testosterone levels.

Thyroid function during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and infant health. This study systematically reviews relevant research data, analyzes the physiological dynamic changes, abnormal types, and influencing factors of thyroid function during pregnancy. Multiple factors, including changes in thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism during pregnancy, also increased iodine demand and hormones have impacts on thyroid function. Thyroid dysfunction includes various types such as clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism, which have varying degrees of adverse effects on maternal and infant health, such as affecting fetal nervous system development and increasing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Iodine nutrition status, genetic factors, autoimmune factors, and environmental factors are all associated with abnormal thyroid function during pregnancy. Although current research has achieved certain knowledge, the specific mechanism of thyroid hormones in fetal development and the influencing mechanism of environmental factors remained for further study. In the future, genetic sequencing technology, cell and animal experiments can be used to further explore pathogenesis. Developing new biomarkers and personalized diagnostic models can be used to achieve accurate diagnosis. We can conduct epidemiological investigations to provide a reference basis for prevention, promoting the continuous development of research in this field, and ensuring the health of mothers and infants.

Bipolar affective disorder is a common clinical mental disease, which could be caused by multiple factors, including genetic, biological and psychosocial factors. It is prone to recur, causing difficulty in treatment and long treatment cycle, and seriously affecting patients' physical conditions and social functions. Patients with bipolar affective disorder may exhibit abnormal levels of thyroid hormones, and dysfunction of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis can increase the risk of bipolar affective disorder. Previous studies have shown that thyroid hormones can assist in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder, and their levels can be used to evaluate therapeutic effects. However, the underlying mechanism of the HPT axis is complex. The mechanism of the HPT axis in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder should be further explored to identify a new direction of treatment for the disease, thus enhancing clinical efficacy and improving the prognosis.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are defined as persistent environmental pollutants (PEPs), which are present in the environment and living organisms in a wide range of contexts. It is hypothesized that these substances could have negative impacts on gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) through a variety of signal pathways. The underlying mechanisms by which PFAS may disrupt glucose homeostasis are not yet fully understood, but it is thought that they could disrupt glucose homeostasis and interfere with insulin signaling, such as disturbed inflammatory responses. Furthermore, PFAS substitutes have been utilized to replace long-chain PFAS, yet their toxicity and association with GDM remain as issues of concern. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological association between PFAS exposure and GDM, detection methods and potential mechanisms, contributing to a deeper understanding of the impacts of PFAS exposure on gestational diabetes mellitus.

This study offers a comprehensive review of machine learning (ML) applications in the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence techniques, ML method has become increasingly integral in medical diagnostics and personalized therapy. We systematically examine the current state of ML application in various aspects of DTC management, including initial screening, ultrasound and pathological diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and prognostic assessment. By identifying existing challenges and proposing future research directions, this paper underscores the innovative potential of ML methods to transform clinical practices in DTC care.

Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of multiple treatment directions, multiple therapeutic targets, and high threshold in producing drug resistance. The molecular signaling pathways play an important role in the genesis and development of various tumors. With the continuous deepening of the research on calycosin, the anti-tumor effect of calycosin has gradually become an important research focus. This review summarizes the latest advances in the study of calycosin on anti-neoplastic signaling pathways,aiming to provide useful references and theoretical guidance for the further research and application of calycosin.

Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is an important treatment method for patients with end-stage renal disease, but renal anemia, as a common complication, can seriously affect the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Thyroid hormones play a key role in human metabolism and hematopoietic regulation. In recent years, the relationship between thyroid hormones and renal anemia in MHD patients has attracted significant attentions. Currently, the underlying correlation mechanism and mutual influence between the two have not been fully clarified. In light of this, this paper reviews the changes of thyroid hormones in MHD patients, the onset characteristics of renal anemia, and the research status of association between the two, in order to deepen the understanding of relationship between these two markers, and to provide reference basis for clinical improvement of renal anemia and optimization of treatment regimen.

Copper is important to maintain normal human metabolism. The excess copper ions in the cell can cause protein-toxic stress reaction and lead to copper death. In China, the incidence of central nervous system diseases is currently increasing. Accumulated evidence reveal that the pathogenesis of neurological diseases is closely related to copper death. This article reviews the underlying mechanism of copper death in the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases. It provides a new direction for the prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases.

Prenatal ultrasonography, an important auxiliary examination method in prenatal diagnosis, involves cross-disciplinary fields such as obstetrics and gynecology, laboratory medicine and genetics. The teaching content of prenatal ultrasonography is complex and difficult to understand, and traditional teaching methods are hard to meet the purpose of cultivating students’ comprehensive clinical thinking and practical ability. This paper explores the application value of multidisciplinary integrated teaching combined with case-based learning in prenatal ultrasonography education program. In the implementation of this teaching method, the prenatal ultrasound teacher takes the lead in forming a multidisciplinary teaching team, jointly developing a teaching plan, selecting typical fetal anomaly cases, initiating discussion and guided teaching, mimics the real clinical diagnostic and treatment process, stimulates students’ enthusiasm for independent learning, and fosters their multidisciplinary cross-thinking ability, which provides a novel path to enhance the quality of the teaching of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis.