Abstract：Objective To investigate the influence factors of platelet transfusion efficiency in patients with hematologic diseases. Methods The clinical and platelet transfusion data in 132 patients with hematologic diseases were retrospectively analyzed. The corrected count of increment (CCI) was used to evaluate the transfusion efficiency. Meanwhile the factors influencing the antibody positive rate such as disease cause, gender, transfusion times, blood type and age, and the factors influencing platelet transfusion efficiency such as antibody strength, platelet sorts, storage time, weight, and complications were statistically analyzed. Results The results showed that the total platelet transfusion efficiency of patients was 59.23%. The antibody positive rate in efficient group (8.33%) was lower than that of inefficient group (31.67%) with statistical different（P<0.05）. There was significantly difference on antibody positive rate among groups of different transfusion times and age（P<0.05）.The antibody positive rate increased with transfusion times, while antibody positive rate in 20-40 years old patients group was the highest. There were no statistical difference on antibody positive rate among the diseases, sex and blood groups. The platelet transfusion efficiency decreased with the increase of the patients’ weight, the platelet transfusion efficiency was better in patients without complications. There was no significant correlation between the antibody strength and storage time of the platelet pre-transfusion with transfusion efficiency. Conclusion The effectiveness of platelet transfusion in patients with the hematologic diseases might be generally affected by transfusion times, anti-platelet antibody production, blood components, patient’s ages and weight, and complications.