Abstract: Objective To explore the changes of serum TGF-β1 and MCP-1 in diabetic nephrosis patients after treated with Fasudil injection. Methods 100 early diabetic nephrosis patients were randomly divided into the group A (control group, 50 cases) and group B (50 cases). All patients received routine therapy, while patients in group B were additionally given fasudil injection for 2 weeks. The level of serum TGF-β1 and MCP-1 were measured by the ELISA before and after the treatment. Results After the treatment, the levels of TGF-β1 and MCP-1 in group A had not significant changes (P>0.05), While the levels of TGF-β1 and MCP-1 in group B after treatment were much lower than that of before treatment (P<0.05). The decrease of TGF-β1 and MCP-1 were more significant in group B than that of in group A after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion On the basis of routine therapy, Fasudil injection could inhibit the expression of TGF-β1 and MCP-1, which has good curative effect on early diabetic nephrosis.