Abstract：Objective To investigate the association of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphism with the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) and with the human somatotype in Chinese Han population. Methods We conducted a case-control genetic association study between 40 patients with T2MD and 127 controls, which were sequentially collected form physical examination center of Chinese PLA general hospital according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three different methods were used to determine the SNPs within GR gene (NR3C1). All the SNPs were genotyped using iMLDRTM genotyping technology. Unconditioned logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of susceptibility to T2MD, while adjusting for age, sex, smoking and drinking status. The association of GR polymorphism with means of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were analyzed by ANCOVA using the general linear model procedure. Results Fourteen SNPs were genotyped in our study and rs10052957 was excluded because of rare mutation in case group. Genotype frequencies of the rest 13 SNPs were conformed to Hardy-weinberg equilibrium in both patients and control group. On the basis of unconditioned logistic regression analysis, rs9324924 TT and rs9324921 AA genotype were independently with the risk of T2MD, with OR (odd radio) of 3.12 [95% CI (confidence interval): 1.06-9.17, P=0.039] and OR of 14.92[1.39-160.60, P=0.026）respectively. ANCOVA analysis showed relation of rs9324924 TT and rs9324921 AA genotype with higher means of BMI (P=0.023 for rs9324924; P=0.002 for rs9324921) and WHR (P=0.033 for rs9324924; P=0.003 for rs9324921). Conclusion In our study, the rs9324924 and rs9324921 polymorphisms of GR gene are associated with the incidence of T2MD and human somatotype. Patients with rs9324924 TT and rs9324921 AA genotype are more susceptible to T2MD and more prone to be obesity.