Abstract：Objective To compare the coincidence rate of ultrasound and pathological diagnosis in thyroid carcinoma and explore the characteristics and values of ultrasound. Methods 159 cases of patients with thyroid diseases were examined by ultrasound diagnosis. The postoperative pathological examination and cytological diagnosis were followed and analyzed with ultrasound results. Results In total 159 patients with ultrasonic examination, 47 cases were diagnosed thyroid carcinoma, 40 cases were benign thyroid tumor, and 42 cases were thyroiditis. There was no significant difference between the results of ultrasound and pathology (P > 0.05). 33 cases were negative, in which 22 thyroid carcinoma were misdiagnosed as benign tumor, 6 cases of benign tumors were misdiagnosed as thyroiditis, 2 cases of benign tumors were misdiagnosed as thyroid carcinoma. In 69 cases of thyroid carcinoma, 40 cases were papillary carcinoma, 5 cases were follicular thyroid carcinoma, and 2 cases were medullary carcinoma. The different types of thyroid carcinoma showed different ultrasound imaging. There was significant difference in term of ultrasound imaging between papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma (P<0.05), and no significantly difference between follicular carcinoma and medullary carcinoma (P>0.05). Conclusion The reasonable use of ultrasound could improve the accuracy of diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.