Objective To explore the effect of anti-hyperthyroidism treatment to the maternal and child health in the early gestational period. Methods The clinical data of 88 gestational women complicated with mild to moderate hyperthyroidism were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were divided into Methimazole Group (28 cases), Propylthiouracil Group (28 cases) and Control Group (32 cases) according to their therapeutic regimen. Disease changes and pregnancy outcome were analyzed in three groups. Results The serum levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH of pregnant women in three groups were significantly different (P<0.05). The serum level of FT3, FT4, TSH of newborn infants in three groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Pregnancy-induced hypertension incidence, premature delivery incidence and mean gestational weeks in both treatment groups were significantly different compared with those in control group (P<0.05), and mean gestational weeks in Methimazole Group and Propylthiouracil Group was significantly different (P<0.05). The birth rate of low weight, fetal distress incidence, and mean birth weight in both treatment groups were significantly different compared with those in control group (P<0.05), and mean birth weight in Methimazole Group and Propylthiouracil Group was significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion Treatment of Methimazole and Propylthiouracil to women with pregnant hyperthyroidism could improve the maternal and child health in the early gestational period, and the Propylthiouracil treatment has better effect.