Objective To explore the correlation of salt iodization on the adult thyroid goiter under current status of iodine nutrition. Method The thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies and urinary iodine concentration were measured in 300 newly diagnosed thyroid goiter patients randomly. Results Fifty-two of 300 thyroid goiter patients were diagnosed as Graves’s disease, 150 as chronic lymphocyticthyroiditis, 40 as simple goiter, 48 as nodular goiter, and 10 as subacute thyroiditis. The average age of nodular goiter patients was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.01). No significant difference in urine iodine concentration was seen between each group (P>0.05). The positive rates of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) were 52% and 43% respectively. The TPOAb level was positively correlated with TGAb level (r=0.706, P<0.01). Conclusion In current status of super-sufficient quantities of iodine nutrition, iodine deficiency is no longer the main cause of goiter. Long-term exposed to iodine susceptible population is prone to autoimmune thyroid diseases.