Abstract：Objective To explore the incidence of infectious diseases in patients before transfusion. Methods 1026 patients before transfusion in our hospital were selected, infectious disease test results for HBsAg, HCV, HIV and syphilis were analyzed. Results The positive cases of HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV and Anti-TP were 102, 18, 2 and 23 which accounts for 9.94%, 1.75%, 0.19% and 2.24% respectively. The incidence of infectious diseases in clinical departments varied widely with statistical significance (P< 0.05). Conclusion Some patients have the probability of infection before transfusion. Especially the infection rate of hepatitis B is very high. It is necessary to test infectious diseases, which will reduce potential hospital infections, and reduce complaints and dissensions from the patients.