Objective To evaluate clinical value of urine RDW on distinguishing between renal hematuria and non-renal hematuria. Methods The renal hematuria and non-renal hematuria cases on erythrocyte’s distribution width were collected via databases such as CNKI, VIP and Wanfang. Four control experiments covering 397 cases had been introduced. The Meta-analysis was carried out by Revman5.2 software based on these collected data. Results The Meta-analysis results indicated the urine RDW had statistical value in distinguishing between renal hematuria and non-renal hematuria (P<0.01).Conclusion According to current clinical evidence, the erythrocyte detection by urine RDW is simple, reliable and fast method. The urine RDW could be used as an identification source of erythrocyte and has an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with renal disease.