Objective To explore the influence of different specimens collection in the analysis of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO). Methods Blood samples were collected from the 50 patients. Three blood samples were collected from each patient and two samples were respectively anticoagulated by heparin sodium and Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid kalium (EDTA-K2), and one sample without anticoagulant. The serum myeloperoxidase in all samples were assayed and the results were statistically analyzed with T paired test and correlation analysis. Results The detected results of serum myeloperoxidase in same patient samples between heparin sodium and EDTA-K2 as anticoagulant had statistically significant difference, the detected results in samples between heparin sodium as anticoagulant and without anticoagulant also had statistically significant differences. The results in heparin sodium group had some degreed correlation with the results in other two groups. Conclusion Different blood sample collection methods have significant influence on the detection results of serum myeloperoxidase. It is recommended that the blood samples anticoagulated by heparin sodium would be used for the analysis of serum myeloperoxidase.