Abstract: In clinical practice, early bacterial infections lack of specific clinical manifestations. The bacterial culture has lower positive rate and get result slowly, so it is difficult to make diagnosis early. Some recent studies have found that there are significant increases in the level of neutrophil surface CD64 during early bacterial infections. This is especially apparent in systemic infection. It is obviously related to the inflammatory indexes of white blood count, neutrophil percentages, CRP, ESR, IL-6, PCT, etc. Compared to other inflammatory indexes, neutrophil surface CD64 expression has more specific manifestations in the aspect of diagnosing and identifying viral infections, also in active stage of injury and autoimmune diseases. So it is beneficial to develop netrophil surface detection on the diagnosis and identifying of early bacterial infections. It can both reduce antibiotic abuse and drug resistance, and has a more extensive prospect in the clinical application.