Objective To explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome intervention by differentiation in the early stage after treatment of hyperthyroidism with 131I. Methods The patients with hyperthyroidism were received 131I therapy and then took 2 weeks of treatment with Chinese medicine granules under the guidance of TCM. Results The patients’ symptoms with Chinese medicine treatment were improved significantly compared with controls (P<0.05). Conclusion The Chinese medicine treatment could improve the symptoms in the early stage after treatment of hyperthyroidism with 131I.