Objective To explore the dynamic changes of serum TNF-α in patients with hyperplastic scar before and after β-ray irradiation treatment. Methods 148 patients with hyperplastic scar were involved in this study, 84 cases were given β-ray treatment, 40 cases were given laser treatment, and 24 patients were not received any treatment. The serums TNF-α level for each patient before and after 1, 2 and 3 period of treatment were measured. Results The cure rate in 84 patients and control groups with β-ray treatment were 83.3% and 30.0%; and effective rate were 100% and 55.0%, respectively (P<0.01). The serum TNF-α levels in patients with β-ray treatment were gradually decline and had statistically significant compared with other groups (P<0.05). There was no statistically difference on serum TNF-α levels in control group before and after treatment (P>0.05）. Conclusion The β-ray contact therapy is effective treatment method for hyperplastic scars. The serum TNF-α levels might be used as a clinical indicator of effect judgment in β-ray irradiation treatment of treatment of hyperplastic scars.