Objective To explore the change tendency of serum superoxide dismutase in patients with hyperlipidemia with different age and gender to evaluate the body’s antioxidant ability. Methods 811 healthy people and 803 patients with hyperlipidemia were selected and the serum superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein- cholesterol and low density lipoprotein - cholesterol were tested respectively. The level of serum SOD with different gender and age groups was compared and analyzed by T- test. Results The serum SOD of young males, middle- aged males and elderly males was significantly increased comparing with the healthy people. The serum SOD of elderly males was significantly lower than young and middle aged males. The serum SOD of young females, middle- aged females and elderly females was significantly increased comparing with the healthy people. The serum SOD of elderly females was significantly lower than young and middle aged females. The serum SOD of females with hyperlipidemia was significantly lower than the males with hyperlipidemia. Conclusion There is a significant difference in the serum SOD in patients with hyperlipidemia with different age and gender.