目的探讨CD4⁺CD25⁺调节性T细胞在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿外周血的改变，及其在HIE疾病进程中的意义。方法用流式细胞术分析HIE组患儿92例和对照组31名外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞的变化，及其细胞内foxp3的表达变化。结果轻度、中度和重度HIE组患儿外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞比例分别为(9.26±1.18)%、(6.51±1.35)%和(5.36±1.54)%，对照组为(8.42±2.02)%。轻度HIE组患儿外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞较对照组有增高趋势，但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);中度和重度HIE组患儿CD4⁺CD25⁺T细胞明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。轻度、中度和重度HIE组患儿外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺foxp3⁺T细胞分别为(1.36±1.14)%、(1.21±0.94)%和(1.09±0.54)%，对照组为(1.30±1.17)%。轻度HIE组患儿CD4⁺CD25⁺foxp3⁺T细胞较对照组有增高趋势，但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。中度和重度HIE组患儿CD4⁺CD25⁺foxp3⁺T细胞明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论中度和重度HIE组患儿CD4⁺CD25⁺foxp3⁺T细胞明显减少，这些调节性T细胞可能参与HIE的病理进程。

Objective To explore the changes of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of neonatal patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE), and its significance in the process of HIE. Methods The levels of CD4⁺CD25⁺Tcells and changes of the foxp3 expression in 92 patients with HIE and 31health children were detected by flow cytometry. Results The levels of CD4⁺ CD25 ⁺ T cells in the peripheral blood of moderate and severe HIE neonates were significantly lower than that of controls(P＜0.05). The foxp3 expression in CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells in peripheral blood of moderate and severe HIE neonatal were significantly lower than that the controls(P＜0.05). Conclusion The CD4⁺CD25⁺ foxp3⁺ T cell in moderate and severe HIE children are significantly reduced, and these regulatory T cells may be involved in the pathological process of HIE.