摘要：目的  检测CoxA16感染手足口病患儿T细胞亚群及细胞因子的表达，探讨其临床意义及患儿免疫功能变化。方法  采用实时荧光PCR检测2013年4月至2014年9月咽拭子标本为CoxA16阳性重症手足口病患儿61例，分别在疾病急性期和恢复期采集患儿外周抗凝全血及空腹静脉血，另选40例健康体检儿童为健康对照组。采用流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群；酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA)测定血清IL-4、IL-6，对检测结果进行统计学比较。结果  急性期同恢复期和健康对照组比较，T细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比例降低，CD8+比例升高，差异有统计学意义（tCD3+=4.217,4.978；tCD4+=4.196,5.103；tCD4+ /CD8+=3.326,3.894；tCD8+=4.018,4.325,P＜0.05）；与恢复期和健康对照组比较，患儿急性期血清IL-4减低，而IL-6增高，差异有统计学意义（tIL-4=5.824,6.213；tIL-6=6.352,7.195,P＜0.05）。结论 CoxA16感染手足口病患儿机体存在细胞免疫功能紊乱，可能与其致病机制有关。

Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical significance and the change of immune function in HFMD infected by CoxA16 virus by measuring the expression of T lymphocyte subtype, Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-6 in children with HFMD. Methods 61 cases of CoxA16-positive proved by Real-time fluorescent PCR detecting the throat swabs were recruited from Apr 2013 to Sep 2014.The peripheral blood of all patients were collected in acute stage and convalescent stage, serving healthy children as control. T lymphocyte subtype was determined with FCM. ELISA was used to examine Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-6. Results The rate of T lymphocyte subtype CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in acute stage were lower, while CD8+ increased comparable to those of convalescent stage and the control group (tCD3+=4.217, 4.978；tCD4+=4.196, 5.103；tCD4+ /CD8+=3.326, 3.894；tCD8+=4.018, 4.325, P＜0.05). IL-4 in acute stage decrease remarkably comparing with convalescent stage and the control group. However, IL-6 in acute stage was significantly higher comparing with convalescent stage and the control group（tIL-4=5.824,6.213；tIL-6=6.352,7.195,P＜0.05）. Conclusion There are function disorders of cellular immune function in children infected by CoxA16 virus, which might be related to pathopoiesia mechanism.