目的 探讨在目前食盐加碘的情况下成人甲状腺疾病发病的相关因素。 方法 随机选取2013年1～6月内分泌门诊初诊被诊断为甲状腺肿大的患者300例，检测甲状腺激素水平、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）和随机尿碘质量浓度。 结果 300例甲状腺肿大患者中52 例格雷夫斯病（Graves病），150 例桥本甲状腺炎，40例单纯性甲状腺肿，48例结节性甲状腺肿，10例亚急性甲状腺炎。结节性甲状腺肿的患者年龄与其他组比较明显升高（P<0.01），各组患者的尿碘质量浓度比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。TPOAb和TGAb阳性率分别为 52％与 43％，甲状腺肿大患者TPOAb水平与TGAb水平呈正相关（r=0.706，P<0.01）。 结论 在目前全国食盐加碘情况下，引起甲状腺肿大的主要原因可能不再是碘的缺乏。在长期补碘状态下，低尿碘甲状腺肿大患者较少，引起甲状腺肿大的主要原因已经不是缺碘造成；TPOAb和TGAb水平均增加，易患人群自身免疫反应参与甲状腺疾病发生。

Objective To explore the correlation of salt iodization on the adult thyroid goiter under current status of iodine nutrition. Method The thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies and urinary iodine concentration were measured in 300 newly diagnosed thyroid goiter patients randomly. Results Fifty-two of 300 thyroid goiter patients were diagnosed as Graves’s disease, 150 as chronic lymphocyticthyroiditis, 40 as simple goiter, 48 as nodular goiter, and 10 as subacute thyroiditis. The average age of nodular goiter patients was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.01). No significant difference in urine iodine concentration was seen between each group (P>0.05). The positive rates of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) were 52% and 43% respectively. The TPOAb level was positively correlated with TGAb level (r=0.706, P<0.01). Conclusion In current status of super-sufficient quantities of iodine nutrition, iodine deficiency is no longer the main cause of goiter. Long-term exposed to iodine susceptible population is prone to autoimmune thyroid diseases.