目的 了解住院患者梅毒（TP）血清抗体阳性率及其分布状况，为梅毒的预防工作提供参考依据。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法对我院2012年1月至2014年10月共36854例普通住院患者血清进行梅毒抗体筛查，阳性标本用双孔复检后再用金标法进行确认试验，两种方法均为阳性病例列为本次统计范围，回顾性分析各科室、各年度及各年龄段阳性率。结果 在36854例住院患者血清中共检出639例梅毒抗体阳性，总体阳性率为1.73%，男性阳性率（2.10%，365/17402）显著高于女性（1.41%，274/19452）（P﹤0.05）；2012年至2014年年度检出率分别为1.78%、1.77%及1.66%，年度检出率无明显差异（P＞0.05），但呈下降趋势。在科室分布上，检出率排名前五位的科室分别为肿瘤内科（4.64%）、放疗科（3.9%）、内分泌科（3.03%）、心内科（2.86%）及泌尿外科（2.68%），其中肿瘤内科、内分泌科、心内科、泌尿外科及消化内科阳性率均高于总体阳性率（P﹤0.05），产科阳性率（0.73%）低于总体阳性率（P﹤0.05）；各年龄组＜20、20～29、30～39、40～49、50～59、60～69、70～79及≥80岁的阳性率分别为：0.14%、0.68%、1.13%、2.14%、2.14%、2.15%、2.22%、3.42%，随着年龄的增加，阳性率呈上升趋势，其中≥40岁各年龄组均显著高于总体阳性率（P﹤0.05）。结论 三年来梅毒检出率未见上升趋势，梅毒血清抗体阳性在临床上占一定的比例，几乎分布各个科室，常规对住院患者进行梅毒血清学筛查很有必要，对保护医务工作者、减少医源性感染和传播、预防交叉感染以及避免不必要的医疗纠纷有着重要意义。

Objective To evaluate the distribution of positive reaction of serological antibody for syphilis in the hospitalized patients, in order to provide basis to prevent the cross-infection of syphilis. Methods 36854 clinical specimens from common inpatients were underwent routine treponema pallidum antibody (TP-Ab) screening with ELISA method．All screening positive samples were further tested by gold immnnochromatography method. Results The total positive rate of antibody for syphilis was 1.73％ (639/36854)., the positive rate in males was higher （2.10%, 365/17402）than that of in females 1.41%，274/19452）（P﹤0.05）．There was no statistical difference between the annual syphilis detection rate (P＞0.05). All age groups were found to have syphilis infection．The positive rate of group with age of 0～20, 20～29, 30～39, 40～49, 50～59, 60～69, 70～79 and ≥80 years old were 0.14%, 0.68%, 1.13%, 2.14%, 2.14%, 2.15%, 2.22% and 3.42%, respectively. The positive rate was increased with the increase of ages. The higher positive rate occurred in the department of oncology (4.64%), radiotherapy (3.9%), endocrinology (3.03%), cardiology (2.86%) and urology (2.68%). The positive rate in departments of oncology, endocrinology, cardiology, urology and gastroenterology were higher than total positive rate (P﹤0.05). The positive rate in departments of obstetrical was lower than total positive rate (P﹤0.05). Conclusion There is no rising tendency for syphilis positive rate in past three years. The positive syphilis antibody of inpatients distribute in all clinical department, the screening of serological antibody for syphilis are very important to effectively prevent the cross-infection and self-protection of medical personnel.