摘要：内质网(ER)是交织分布于哺乳动物真核细胞内的一个膜的管道系统。各种生理和病理因素均可引发内质网应激(ERS)使细胞受损伤。由于ERS时ER内的未折叠蛋白和错误折叠蛋白增多，使ER功能紊乱，从而引发了未折叠蛋白反应（UPR），保护由内质网应激引起的细胞损伤，恢复细胞的正常功能。本文介绍了UPR的发生、发展机制，综述了国内外对UPR和肝癌的最新研究进展。

Abstract：Endoplasmic reticulum is a piping system interwoven in mammalian eukaryotic cells. A variety of physiological and pathological factors can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress damage the cell. Because when the ERS the unfolded proteins and misfolded proteins increased in the ER, ER function disorder, which triggers the unfolded protein response. UPR can protect cells damage induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and recover the normal function of cells. This paper introduces the mechanism of the occurrence and development of UPR, and summarizes the latest research progress of UPR and hepatocellular carcinoma.