自从1817年科学家发现痕量元素硒以来，逐渐明确多种疾病与硒缺乏相关。其与甲状腺的关系也逐渐被人熟知。本综述重点描述硒元素在甲状腺抗氧化系统、脱碘酶系统，免疫系统中所起的重要作用，并初步探讨硒对于甲状腺功能亢进辅助治疗的机理，为放射性131I联合硒元素治疗甲状腺功能亢进的临床研究提供理论依据。

Since 1817 scientists discovered trace element selenium, it has gradually clear that a variety of diseases has been in connection with selenium deficiency. Its relationship with the thyroid gland is gradually being known, this review focuses on selenium which plays an important role in the antioxidant system, immune system, deiodinase system, and to explore the mechanism of selenium to adjuvant therapy for hyperthyroidism, and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical study of hyperthyroidism treatment for radioactive 131I combined selenium elements.