目的 用实时荧光定量PCR方法对肺部感染危重患者的咽拭子样本和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）进行检测，探讨不同样本对检测结果的影响。方法 450例肺部感染危重患者纳入临床研究，用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测患者咽拭子样本和BALF样本，对检测结果进行比较。结果 在450例肺部感染危重患者中，肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）患者115例，占25.6%。BALF样本检测的阳性率为69.56%，咽拭子样本检测的阳性率为13.04%。肺炎支原体（MP）感染的年龄段主要在20～39和50～59岁，以50～59岁年龄段人数最多。结论 MP是肺部感染主要病原体之一，采集BALF标本用实时荧光PCR检测MPP阳性率更高，是MPP诊断的有效手段。

Objective To investigate the effect of different samples between swabs and bronchotracho alveolar larvage by real-time PCR in patients with community acquired pneumonia. Methods Clinical data, including 450 patients with severe pulmonary infection, samples of swabs and bronchotracho alveolar larvage were detected by real-time PCR. Results 115 patients were diagnosed with MPP (25.6%) in 450 patients of severe pulmonary infection. The positive rates were 69.56% and 13.04% in samples of BALF and swab, respectively. MP infection were frequent between patients aged 20-29 and 50-59 years. The big numbers of patient were most in age 50-59 years. Conclusion Mp remains one of the major pathogens in pulmonary infection. The positive rate of BALF detection is higher than that of swabs detection. The method of real-time PCR is effective means of diagnosis MPP.