摘要：目的 观察脑脊液淀粉样蛋白和总tau(t-tau)蛋白、磷酸tau(p-tau)蛋白等生物标志物在阿尔茨海默病（alzheimer's disease, AD）患者和非痴呆神经疾病患者中的鉴别诊断作用。方法 采用ELISA方法检测12例AD患者和22例非痴呆神经疾病患者脑脊液标本中淀粉样蛋白Aβ（1-40）、Aβ（1-42）、t-tau蛋白、p-tau蛋白的浓度水平。结果 与AD患者相比，非痴呆神经疾病患者Aβ(1-42) 、t-tau水平增高，Aβ (1-40)、p-tau水平降低。在诊断效果上，Aβ (1-40)、总tau蛋白曲线下面积较大，特异性、灵敏度均大于80%。与另一实验室结果比较，p-tau在两个实验室的检测结果相关性较好（R²= 0.950）。结论 Aβ (1-40)和t-tau在AD组与非痴呆神经疾病组差异明显，可用于两组间的鉴别诊断。P-tau检测方法稳定，实验室间重复性良好，适于临床开展。

Abstract: Objective To explore the role of biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease（AD）in differential diagnosis of non-dementia neurological disease. Methods 12 patients with AD and 22 patients with other neurological disorders were tested Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42), total tau and phosphor-tau in cerebrospinal fluid specimens by using ELISA method. Results Compared with AD patients, the level of Aβ(1-42) and t-tau in patients with other neurological diseases increased, yet Aβ(1-40) and p-tau decreased. Area under the curve of Aβ(1-40) and t-tau were bigger than other biomarkers with specificity and sensitivity higher than 80%. To get an accurate result, the parallel samples were tested in a German laboratory, then p-tau was confirmed with a consistent result (R²= 0.950). Conclusion Aβ(1-40) and t-tau in CSF could be used in the differential diagnosis of AD and other neural disorders. The detection method of P-tau is more stable and the results are comparable between different laboratories, so P-tau is more reliable for clinical application.