结核病是一种高感染率、高致死率的传染病，严重威胁人类健康。近年来，随着对结核病发病机理的研究进展，研究人员发现免疫基因多态性与结核病易感性之间紧密关联。宿主针对结核分支杆菌感染的免疫应答主要包括固有免疫应答和适应性免疫应答两个部分。本文主要就以上两个部分的免疫基因多态性与结核病易感的相关性进行综述。

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease which threatens the health of human worldwide. With the development of research on the pathogenesis of TB, researchers found significant associations between polymorphisms of immune genes and susceptibility to TB. Immune responses of TB include two aspects: the innate immune responses and the adaptive immune responses. In this paper, the associations between the polymorphisms of immune genes in these two types of immune responses and susceptibility to tuberculosis are reviewed.