目的 通过对甲H1N1型流感病毒基因的检测分析，揭示其基因变异情况及探讨甲型流感病毒的流行趋势，为甲型流感的防控提供理论依据。方法 样本为患者鼻咽部的粘膜上皮细胞和分泌物。取200μL标本置于核酸分离纯化系统中提取核酸，然后以LightCycler 480 PCR仪进行核酸扩增，最后分析曲线判断结果。每份标本均对甲型H1N1流感病毒基质蛋白基因（M基因）、核蛋白基因（NP基因）、血凝素基因（HA基因）、人类的RNA酶P基因（RNase P基因）进行检测和分析。结果判定：M基因、NP基因、HA基因、RNase P基因均阳性，为真阳性；HA基因阴性，其它三种基因阳性，为可疑阳性。结果 共检测3673份样本，其中，阴性2404份，甲型流感阳性样本共1269份，阳性率34.5%；阳性样本中季节性甲型流感641份，占50.5%；甲型H1N1流感阳性628份，占49.5%（真阳性433份，占68.9%，可疑阳性195份，占31.1%）。在整个流行季，真阳性与可疑阳性在相同时间的检出率比值基本不变。甲型H1N1检出高峰在10月，季节性甲流则分别在9月和12月。中青年人群的阳性检出率为57.5%，儿童为39.9%，而60岁以上的老年人仅占2.6%。结论 甲型H1N1流感以M、HA、NP、RNaesP四种基因阳性毒株为主，其流行高峰出现在10月份，感染人群以中青年和儿童为主。

Objective To evaluate the genetic variation and trends of Influenza A H1N1 virus and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of influenza by analysis of gene detection of influenza a H1N1 virus. Methods Samples came from epithelial cells and secretions of patients with nasopharyngeal. Nucleic acid was extracted by the nucleic acid separation and purification system with 200μl sample. The amplification curve was analyzed by light cycler 480 PCR. The M gene, NP gene, HA gene and RNase P gene for each specimens were detected. When M gene, NP gene, HA gene, RNase P gene were positive, results were true positive. When HA gene was negative and the other three genes were positive, results were probable positive. Results Among detected 3673 samples, 2404 samples were negative and 1269 samples were positive of influenza A. The positive rate was 34.5%. 641 samples were positive of seasonal influenza, accounting for 50.5%. 628 samples were influenza A H1N1, accounting for 49.5%. 433 samples (68.9%) were true positive and 195 samples (31.1%) were probable positive. The peak of detection was in October for Influenza A H1N1, in September and December for a seasonal stream. The positive rate was 57.5% for young people, 39.9% for children aged, and only 2.6% for 60 or older. Conclusion Samples of Influenza A H1N1 are positive in M, HA, NP and RNaesP four genes. The peak of detection is in October, and infected people are mainly young and children.